Where can Clear Air Turbulence typically occur?

Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) is primarily associated with jet streams, which are fast-flowing air currents found high in the atmosphere, usually at altitudes where commercial airlines fly. This type of turbulence occurs in clear air, outside of thunderstorms, and is particularly prevalent in the vicinity of the jet stream because of the significant wind shear present in these regions.

As air moves at different speeds and directions, it creates turbulent conditions that can catch pilots off guard, making it difficult to predict. This turbulence is especially relevant during transitions between different wind speeds or when there are temperature inversions. In contrast, turbulence near mountains tends to be caused by mechanical lifting of air and is distinct from CAT, while over oceans, turbulence is often related to weather systems or waves rather than the clear air conditions associated with jet streams. Surface-level turbulence frequently results from local factors such as terrain and weather phenomena rather than the high-altitude effects that characterize CAT.