When flying over a mountain range, extreme turbulence typically occurs at what distance downwind?

Extreme turbulence associated with mountain ranges is often caused by the effects of airflow interacting with the terrain. When wind flows over a mountain range, it creates a disturbance in the atmosphere that can lead to turbulent conditions downwind of the mountains.

The correct answer points to the distance of 300 miles, which is significant because the effects of mountain waves and turbulence can extend far beyond the immediate vicinity of the mountains themselves. Typically, this distance can range from 100 to 300 miles based on the height of the mountains and the wind speed. In cases of more severe waves and atmospheric conditions, turbulence might be felt as far out as 300 miles downwind.

Considering the other distances provided, while 50 miles, 150 miles, and 200 miles may also encounter turbulence, they do not encompass the broader range influenced by the complex atmospheric dynamics, which can manifest severe turbulence at a much greater downwind distance. Therefore, the understanding of atmospheric behavior and turbulence patterns suggests that 300 miles is indeed a more accurate estimate for extreme turbulence in relation to mountain ranges.