What characterizes Thermal turbulence?

Thermal turbulence is primarily characterized by vertical convective currents that are induced by surface heating. When the Earth's surface heats up, the air directly above it also warms up and becomes less dense. This causes the warm air to rise, leading to the formation of convection currents. As this warm air ascends, it can create turbulent mixing with cooler air above, resulting in the irregular motion commonly referred to as thermal turbulence.

This process is a natural phenomenon often observed on sunny days, where uneven heating of the earth's surface leads to varied and localized thermal currents. It is particularly noticeable in areas with varying terrains, such as between urban environments and rural fields, where surface heat can vary greatly. Therefore, the essence of thermal turbulence lies in these vertical air movements driven by temperature differences.