What are the types of turbulence in aviation?

The classification of turbulence in aviation includes several key types that pilots and meteorologists recognize. The correct answer identifies Mechanical, Frontal, Thermal, and Wind Shear turbulence as the primary categories.

Mechanical turbulence occurs when airflow is disrupted by obstacles such as buildings, mountains, or other terrain features. This type of turbulence is common near the ground and can cause significant changes in wind patterns.

Frontal turbulence is associated with the interaction between different air masses, particularly at weather fronts where warm air rises over colder air, leading to turbulence due to the differences in temperature and pressure.

Thermal turbulence is generated by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface. This can occur on sunny days when warm air rises in thermals, creating varying vertical currents that can affect flight.

Wind Shear represents abrupt changes in wind speed or direction over a short distance, which can be particularly dangerous during takeoff and landing phases of flight. It is essential for pilots to be aware of wind shear conditions as they can lead to loss of control if not handled properly.

Each of these turbulence types plays a critical role in understanding in-flight conditions and ensuring safety, making them fundamental concepts in aviation weather assessment.